Tuesday, July 22, 2008

Major General (RETD) Afsir Karim,AVSM with the Indian Defence Review Team on Kashmir-purport of combating Religion and Psychological Terrorism

Added

PURPLE- AMETHYST- KESAR FLOWERS/ VISHNUJI'S COLOR; COLORED WREATHS FOR THE ARMY ON THE INAUGURATION OF THE RAILWAY COLONY BRANCH ,BILASPUR-CHATTISGARH ,UNDER THE SMOOTH GUIDANCE OF GAYATRI SAMAJ AND PRABHAKAR[MORNING SEX] DUSTBIN KAZA POSTED TO BRITAIN BY STATE BANK OF INDIA FUNCTION BEING ON 1926 SYMBOLISM OF ELIZABETH 2.

www.juliank.com/.../hindu_prophecies.htm

Hindu Prophecies: The Kalki Purana

24th Avtaar.

Whenever there is a withering of the law
and an uprising of lawlessness on all sides,
then I manifest Myself.

For the salvation of the righteous
and the destruction of such as do evil,
for the firm establishing of the Law,
I come to birth, age after age.

~ Bhagavad Gita, Book IV, Sutra 5, 7, 8
In all, the Hindu text of Kalki Purana comprises of 6100 verses describing the birth, marriage, battles and the death of Kalki, who is considered the last Avtar or incarnation of Vishnu or the Supreme Being, who will establish the Age of Truth or Age of Purity on Earth. The text is essentially a spiritual text, although the verses described here are primarily concerned with the wars and various events in the life of Kalki. As agreed by all the religious prophecies, the Awaited One will not be a man of peace like Jesus Christ or Buddha, but a man of war who will destroy evil and establish righteousness on the earth.

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K. K. Muhammad
Superintending Archaeologist
Phone: 011-23269410 (T-F) Dated 21-7-2008

R.S. Thakur
Security Officer

SUBJECT;-Permission to take photographs of the OLD BAOLI in front of the CISF office and behind the car/truck parking , in route to the Swatantra Senani Smarak / INA trial Museum .

SIR ,

Please allow me to take photographs of the old well where prisoners of war with the British were actually imprisoned and scared by putting out all lights and putting the fear of ghosts in their hearts.

Many died there of heart failure with fear and barbarous imprisoning methods like heinous chaining ect.

It was the real jail wherein psychological terrorism was used along with barbarous methods of imprisonment .

The Britishers went away to England fed up with the stiff resistance given by the Indians who were not afraid to be martyrs but left behind a legacy of oppression as well as criminal intimidation which has not allowed India to be free ;as they left the reins of the country in the hands of small minded lowly educated capitalists and terrorists having their head quarters ,residences in England and companies listed on the London stock exchange.

These people have not allowed the names of places to be changed in the entire country and have also built significant buildings and organizations in these places for criminal intimidation of the armed forces of India since 1946.Section 41,109,302, ect of IPC is imposed on law upholders.

India being a democracy subject to gross mall practices during elections,the leaders are chosen at the mercy of organized crime which is controlled by England to date with the help of the industrialists already specified. Polls have never been free and fair except at places where the people themselves have seen to it that leaders of their choice and honesty are chosen.

The governments thus ; have failed to change the name of the places in India which were a British legacy.

In reality places should be named after martyrs which too now a days are being manipulated to use the names for criminal intimidation rather than inspiration.

People are being killed to utilize their names!

One such example is this baoli which I want to photograph which has been linked with a small well beside Zafar Mahal in Mehrauli called “Darehwallah” well ,meaning a dera or residence ,Delhi University South Campus as well as Dhaula kuan officers’mess; DSOI which has the following significance for criminal intimidation.:-

http://dsoidelhi.org/History.htm

Defence Services Officers' Institute is one of the largest Officers Institute of this Country and also the largest of its kind in Asia, with a Membership of more than 15,000 spread all over India and abroad.

This Institute has a long rich history. It was first set up at the National Stadium on 22 Oct 1949 as Defence Services Club with Field Marshal K M Cariappa as its first President, and then it was shifted to its present location at Dhaula Kuan on 05 Jan 1967.

Located in the Delhi Cantonment area at Dhaula Kuan on NH 8 (Delhi Gurgaon Road) which is co-located with Army Golf Course and residential complex of Defence services officers.

Usually the DSOI is also used for hosting marriages of the defense personnel and this is being used by criminals for heinous misrepresentation as well as symbolism.The British are behind this heinousness as is proved by the Jallian Wala Bagh massacre in which women and children were killed by making them jump in a well by General Dyer or symbolically by men who dye their hair.Here too symbolically there was only a narrow single gate and the unarmed people were fired at ,leaving them no options from a horrendous death.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_Massacre

“Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, was named after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian city of Amritsar where, on April 13, 1919, British Indian Army soldiers under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed gathering of men, women and children. The firing lasted about 10 minutes and 1650 rounds were fired, or 33 rounds per soldier. Official British Raj sources placed the fatalities at 379. According to private sources there were over 1000 deaths, with more than 2000 wounded,^[1] and Civil Surgeon Dr. Smith indicated that there were 1,526 casualties.^[2]”

Jam_Minaret_decoration.jpg

Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam*
UNESCO World Heritage Site

State Party	Afghanistan
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iii, iv
Reference	211
Region**	Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription	2002 (26th Session)
Endangered	2002-

The Minaret of Jam is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in western Afghanistan. It is located in the Shahrak District, Ghor Province, by the Hari River. The 65-metre high minaret, surrounded by mountains that reach up to 2400m, is built entirely of baked-bricks. It is famous for its intricate brick, stucco and glazed tile decoration, which consists of alternating bands of kufic and naskhi calligraphy, geometric patterns, and verses from the Qur'an (the surat Maryam, relating to Mary, the mother of Jesus).

The well at Jallianwala bagh

Jallianwala Bagh

View Brind's map

Taken in a place with no name (See more photos or videos here)

The preserved wall covered in bullet marks. Lots of tourists from all over the world were here.

This is the basis of the Jessica Lal Murder case as well as for the PIL which I am preparing for Kutub Minar.A letter of appeal has already been sent to the Chief Justice of India Supreme Court for his intervention as it concerns the strategic interests of the country and environmental issues which would be severely flouted and jeopardized by land mafia and illegal grabbers Builder Mafia which has links with Osama Bin Laden Builders of Mecca/Bangladesh ,who want to illegally occupy the jungles behind the Kutub Collonade ,impose their religion as well as cause serious threat to security of the country as the builders behind them are DLF,EMAAR MGF ,ANSALs who are deeply entrenched in crime and financing of terrorism in Kashmir and other states of India.

The Sarojini Nagar Bomb Blasts of 2005 were financed by them as well as the Jessica Lal murder case for criminal intimidation ;for non compliance by the authorities to their nefarious designs for Delhi as well as the entire country.

The terrorism is coming from Palestine where it is being financed by Saudia Arabia ,the military interests being maintained by England .It is England which is keeping Islamic fundamentalism alive with uneducated men and women in India and thus lowly educated parliamentarians as well as industrialists who build their empire with theft and gore as well as through severe desecration of the Hindu tulsi or Hindu women who were made equal in the eyes of their God Shiva in his Ardhnareshwar form.

Such is the severe filthiness and utter baseness of this religion that my daughter’s body was made hemi –hypotrophic ,right side heavy and left side normal to teach me a lesson by technology kings of British Arya Samaj and Britain sponsored Islamic Mafia , who use their religion for theft{Money Launderers} and grabbing what is not theirs ,as well as heinous psychological terrorism to break up Hindu homes as well as murder innocent women . They have made marriage a saleable commodity of bodies and robbed it off its sanctity and are thus game to such men only who have no morals or God.Their God is money,lust and gurus .That is why they are killing educated women who are some one’s daughter and related to so called husband by only a piece of paper,their religion being one of their parents.

Swami Ramkrishna Paramhans was also a guru but far removed from filth.In Hindu religion a Guru shows the path to God and does not rob values and God from his disciples .

Please allow me to photograph the baoli so that I can represent British history to the Supreme court and how it is being still utilized by anti -social mercenary elements .

Mamta Dhody,1513 Outram Lane

Mukherjee Nagar

Delhi-9-Ring 27605550

To,

Assistant Registrar(PIL Cell),English.

Supreme Court Of India,

New Delhi-1 Dated 23-7-2008.

Subject:-Letter Petitions dated :-

1.5-7-2007

2.15-5-2007

Sir,

I am in receipt of your letter dated 15^th July 2008 and am sorry to note that you have failed to understand my purport of appeal to the Supreme Court of India,in my letter dated 16-3- 2008..

As is evident that no justice has been given to me in these petitions because as per your guidelines they do not fall in the purview of PIL jurisdictions.

I am submitting for your perusal more papers and photographs in which you will understand how psychological terrorism is being used in our country since 1946 inspite of India being independent on papers ;as the reins of the Government still lie in the hands of the British via the 16 common wealth scenario of backing industrial houses who have residences in England and their companies listed on the London stock exchange.They are not only financing terror but also are behind criminal politics in our country in which elections are won

by note and

not by vote.

In this scenario of cheap uneducated , heinous politics financed by organized crime,innocent ; army ,police personnel as well as law makers are mercilessly massacred and justice fails to reach the masses.

Kashmir has become a hell hole for lawlessness and Kashmiri Pandits who are citizens of this country,Kashmir living on all finances sanctioned by India to the tune of 4500 Crores recently ,have been mercilessly persecuted ,their properties seized unlawfully and their daughters raped,children killed since 1988; only because they belong to Hindu religion.The contradiction is that all this terror is not being leashed by Pakistan directly but by Palestine Terrorists PLO and Saudia Arabia ,playing in the hands of Britain and the 16 Common wealths, just to keep India in shackles,its economy bleeded ,with the help of heinous capitalists using religion and organized crime to fill their coffers as also for feeding England/Saudia Arabia.

At your perusal are letters submitted to the ASI as well as other documents clearly showing the use of numbers , names and colors for criminal intimidation/psychological Terrorism; as well as open jihad since the time of British India who utilized Islamic Shia syndicate even then to do their dirty work and politics.Conversion to muslim shia religion and thence to Arya samaj is being utilized by heinous men since 1824 when a Dayanand Swami was introduced by the British to Finish the belief of the 24^th Kalki avatar of Hinduism which united all the sub castes of Hinduism in India.Lust and lure of evil men was utilized by the Britishers to their advantage who wanted to finish any symbolic unity in India , by rewarding such men handsomely.The more evil and sinners the more richer by British standards, who are running the syndicate crime in India.

Please see the excerpts and pages from the book written by a muslim-Major General (RETD) Afsir Karim,AVSM with the Indian Defence Review Team to understand the nature of work that I am doing as well as why I submitted petitions on Mohammad Afzal CRLA 381 of 2004 as well as petition on Kutub Minar for your kind perusal. If you peruse through the pages on Intelligence by Major General submitted , you will see how important psychology and religion is to peace in Kashmir as well as India and the nature of my work falls in same purview.If you still feel after reading the pages submitted that I must withdraw my petitions as well as the fact that they form an important parcel of the intervention submitted both for Mr.Manu Sharma and his unseated father Mr.Vinod Sharma as well as the entire defense structure of the country ,I will do so. But please do not destroy the petitions.

Another fact is that they have international importance pertaining to peace in Israel and India’s foreign relations.In short I have mentioned these petitions in the index of my intervention for Mr.Manu Sharma CRLA 179/2007 as being submitted to your department and your rule of one year retention has not fallen in line with the judgement of the case which is subject to unlimited factors as it is a case of international terrorism in India through PLO and builder Mafia of Osama BIN Laden doing religious construction in Mecca and having head office in London; and alliance partners in India in DLF, Emaar MGF, Ansals, Sterlite /Vedanta Group and Reliance Industries.

Thanking You

Mamta Dhody Kalra

1513,Outram Lane

Mukherjee Nagar
Delhi-9

Hanste Zakhm (1973)

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Enrollment No	D/406/2005
Applicant Name	LATIKA RANA
S/O, D/O, W/O	S/O SH.Y.P.S.RANA
Date of Birth	2/18/1977
Permanent Address	97, RAJAN KUNJ, OPP. 6th Bn P.A.C.,ROORKEE ROAD MEERUT-250001
Telephone No	0121-2611093
Temporary Address	A-22, SEC-9, OVERSEAS APPTS, ROHINI DELHI
University	DELHI UNI.

For any correction, contact personally at head office of Bar Council of Delhi

http://barcouncilofdelhi.in/bcdmembers.asp?id=D/406/2005

First Published: 20:50 IST(8/2/2008)

PYAR HI PYAR- Ham aah gaya ( BharatLover.com )

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State Bank rights issue on February 18

Last Updated: 20:52 IST(8/2/2008)

The Rs 16,000 crore rights issue of India’s largest bank, the State Bank of India (SBI), would open on February 18, finance ministry sources said on Friday.

A rights issue is an invitation to existing shareholders to acquire additional shares at a price that is normally lower than the current market price of the old shares. It is issued in a set ratio to those shares that are already held.

SBI is offering one share for every five held in the rights offer. The bank will raise Rs 16,736.31 crore through the issue priced at Rs 1,590 a share. The bank’s stock closed at Rs 2,191 on Friday.

The official said that the current volatility in the capital markets would not impact the bank’s offer. This is the first rights issue by a public sector bank. The government holds 59.73 per cent in SBI and will subscribe to its portion in the issue through bonds. Retail investors hold 5.96 per cent in the bank.

SBI will increase its issued capital from Rs 526.30 crore to Rs 650 crore through the issue.

The government will infuse Rs 10,000 crore by bonds that will be redeemed through the proposed Securities Redemption Fund. The annual cost of servicing these bonds will be around Rs790 crore. The bank has been exploring various options to mop up funds, but a rights issue allows it to do so without diluting the government shareholding.

The official said the Union Cabinet was likely to take up the proposed merger of State Bank of Saurashtra with SBI next week. “The clearance from the Reserve Bank of India is expected today, and we are also likely to get technical clearance from the law ministry soon,” the official said. The Gujarat-based bank is one of the seven associate banks of SBI and is a wholly owned subsidiary of the banking behemoth.

To,

Dated-23-7-2008

Technical and Administrative officer,

Lt.Colonel Santosh Tripathi,

DIPR,[DRDO]

TIMARPUR,

LUCKNOW ROAD.

DEHLI-54.

SUBJECT :-RESEARCH SUBMITED AT DIPR AS WELL AS PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW DEPARTMENT AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH AT DEHLI UNIVERSITY SINCE 10-10-2005 AND IN DIPR SINCE 31-7-2006.

http://rapidshare.com/files/94369784/
An_Evaluation_of_Credibility_of_
Forensic_Psychology_in-3.ppt.html

SIR,

AT YOUR PERUSAL ARE DOCUMENTS AS PER PAPERS SUBMITTED AT DIPR ON 1^ST OF AUGUST 2006 TO KEEP YOU ABREAST OF THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS ON THE ISSUE OF INTRODUCTION OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY IN THE COURTS OF INDIA ; AS AN INTERVENTION PROCEDURE IN THE INDIAN JUDICIARY AS PER “THE INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT OF 1872” ;CLAUSE 45 –“OPINION OF EXPERTS.”

It concerns the Army as the army has to face many civilian pitfalls in the course of their work and also exemplified by the famous charge sheet displayed at the INA trial museum at the RED FORT and the greatest morale booster and hero of the nation Shri Subhash Chandra Bose Ji and All India Forward Bloc whose inception took place on 3^rd of May 1939.

Audio

John F. Kennedy Comments on Marx (help·info)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin

Young Stalin, circa 1894, age 16
http://www.larsentoubro.com/lntcorporate/common/ui_templates/homepage_
news.aspx?res=P_CORP

Thursday, January 17, 2008

Psychological Terrorism

Wednesday, July 2, 2008

JANNAT AND DOZAKH OF WARRIS SHAH AND ZA-FAR MAHAL

Tuesday, July 8, 2008

KAMAL AMROHI'S PAKEEZAH ,KHALISTAN AND DOVE ON THE DOME OF BETHLEHEM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._R._Rahman

22 November, 2007

Dileep Kumar and Saira Banu

Question by Abhishek Toraskar

Who used to be known as Dileep Kumar, and is now married to Saira Banu?

Hide answer

Answer:

AR Rahman.

THE UNKINDEST CUT OF ALL -WHEN IT WAS NOT NEEDED,FOR A LATIKI HUI LASSI OF 32!LATIKA RANA NOW 32 ON 18-2-2008 UN -OFFICIALLY BUT OFFICIALLY?-GOD/ALLAH ALONE KNOWS AFTER HER DONNING BLACK SALWARS,FOR MURDERS IN 22 ROHINI ON HER BIRTHDAY AND SBI RIGHTS ISSUE.

“Post-war reorganization

At the end of the war, the Forward Bloc was reorganized. In February 1946 R.S. Ruiker organised an All India Active Workers Conference at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The conference declared the formation of the 'FB Workers Assembly', in practice the legal cover of the still illegal Forward Bloc. Notably some leading communists from Bombay, like K.N. Joglekar and Soli Batliwalli, joined the 'FB Workers Assembly'. The Workers Assembly conference declared that the "Forward Bloc is a Socialist Party, accepting the theory of class struggle in its fullest implications and a programme of revolutionary mass action for the attainment of Socialism leading to a Classless Society."^[7]

The Ahead of the 1946 assembly elections the ban on the Bloc was lifted in June that year. The Working Committee of the Forward Bloc met on June 10.^[8]

Elections to the Constituent Assembly and to provincial legislatures were held in December 1946. The Forward Bloc contested the elections. H.V. Kamath won a seat in the Constituent Assembly and Jyotish Chandra Ghosh, Hemantha Kumar Basu and Lila Roy were elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly.^[9]

However, the Bloc was clearly divided along ideological lines. One section was influenced by Marxism whereas the other upheld 'Subhasism', a syncretic ideology consisting of socialism, nationalism and Indian spiritualism.

Netaji poster in Thiruvananthapuram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Forward_Bloc.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afsir_Karim

Kashmir: The Troubled Frontiers (1994).

Major General Afsir Karim, is a well known retired Indian Army general and military scholar who has authored several books on strategic affairs & military studies. He is a graduate of the Defense Services Staff College, Wellington and the National Defence College.

[edit] Army career

General Karim was commissioned in the Indian Army in June 1954. He commanded a Para Battalion during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 in the Eastern Sector. In 1978, he assumed command of an infantry brigade in high altitude in the Northern Sector. In May 1984, he took over command of an infantry division of the Southern Command. He was a member of India's National Security Advisory Board (1999-2001), and was awarded the AVSM for distinguished service of an exceptional order by the Indian government for his military service.

Kachche Dhaage (1999)

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He retired from the Indian Army on 31 May 1989.

www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/19war.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afsir_Karim

Sir ,my endeavors are governed by the Article 51 A of the Indian Constitution which empowers me as following inspite of the fact; that my grandfather was Senior Accounts officer in the Military cadre at AOC –Ordnance Corps , Khamaria ,Jabalpur ,drawing a salary of Rs.750 in 1950:-

PART IVA

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

51A. Fundamental duties.—It shall be the duty of every citizen of India—

(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;

(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;

(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;

(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;

(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;

(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;

(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;

(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;

(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;

(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.

49. Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.—It shall be the obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest, declared by or under law made by Parliament to be of national importance, from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the case may be.

50. Separation of judiciary from executive.—The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.

51. Promotion of international peace and security.—The State shall endeavour to—

(a) promote international peace and security;

(b) maintain just and honorable relations between nations;

(c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another; and

(d) encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

Please see the illustration on page 164 of the book

Kashmir: The Troubled Frontiers (1994)

and view my work in the same perspective.My father Mr.Jagdish Chandra Dhody who was also working on the same lines as me; expired on a very significant date by a so called heart attack on 16-11-1994 ,16^th samskara being of death in Hindus, leaving behind a legacy of bleeding hearts for me.

At your perusal is also the power point presentation of my research submitted at Dehli University on which they have taken no action fixing imaginary age limits on research –totally ludicrous and illogical as half of the proffs at DU are not Ph.ds and Half are doing D.Litts.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters

Please see that I have also made a blog spot on the Police and the Army which will update you :-

ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORISM IN INDIA

http://bhatiyajantatalji.blogspot.com/

Thanking You,

Mamta Dhody Kalra

1513,Outrawm Lane,

Mukherjee Nagar

Delhi-9- Ring 276055550

Tuesday, February 19, 2008

THE SILK ROUTE ROAD TO TERROR MARKETING IN INDIA

SYMBOLISM OF SARA AND BUKHARI IN ISLAM

Lineage of “That Prophet”
Prophet Abraham: Common Father

Jews, Christians, and Muslims claim a common father, Prophet Abraham, the patriarch of monotheism. What does his family tree look like?

A simple look at it may help show some of the key figures in the Abrahamic family tree.

Abraham married Sarah From their union they had in their progeny the following prophets: Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus.

Abraham married Hagar. From their union they had in their progeny the following prophets: Ishmael and Muhammad.

According to the Bible, Abraham was first named to Sarah who happened to be a barren woman and bore him no children (Genesis 16:1).

In the chronology of the Book of Genesis, God made an important promise to Abraham, even before any child was born to him:

“And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing. And I will bless them that bless thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed. “ (Gen. 12:2-3)

In a later chapter in the Book of Genesis (Gen. 16) we are told that Sarah gave Abraham a handmaid (Hagar) to be his wife, in the hope that she may bear a child to Abraham.

Hagar did bear Abraham’s first child whose name, Ishmael (peace be upon him), meaning “God hears”, was given by the angels (Gen. 16:11). For the following fourteen years, Ishmael was Abraham’s only child.

Dayanand Saraswati Biography

Born: 1824{FORGERY FOR DESECRATING 24TH KALKI AVTAAR }

www.juliank.com/.../hindu_prophecies.htm

Died: 1883

Swami Dayanand Saraswati's original name was Mool Shankar Tiwari. He was born in 1824 in Tankara, Gujarat in a rich family of Brahmins. As a child Dayanand was brought up under the strictest Brahmin rule, and at the age of eight was invested with the Sacred Thread (Upanayna).

When he was fourteen his father took him to the temple on the occasion of Shivaratri.

Dayanand had to fast and keep awake the whole night in obedience to Lord Shiva. In the night he saw a rat nibbling the offerings to the God and running over Shiva's body. He tried to find out from elders why this "God Almighty" could not defend himself against the menace of a petty mice, for which he was rebuked. This incident shattered Daya Nand Saraswati's faith in the idol worship and thereafter he refused to participate in the religious rites for the rest of his life.

At the age of nineteen Dayanand Saraswati ran away from home to escape from a forced marriage. He was caught and imprisoned. He fled again in1845. For fifteen years he wandered all over the country in the search of a guru. In 1860, he found his guru and mentor Swami Virjanand Saraswati at Mathura. He was blind. Dayanand Saraswati underwent rigorous training under Swami Virjanand Saraswati. Virjanand Saraswati gave him the name Dayanand and as gurudakshina extracted promise from Dayanand that he would devote his life for revival of Hinduism.

Dayanand Saraswati undertook a tour of the entire county, made fiery speeches condemning the caste system, idolatry, and child marriages. He advocated the ideal age for a girl to be between 16 and 24, and for men between 25 and 40. Dayanand Saraswati was the first leader in the field of theology who welcomed the advances of sciences and technology. To him, the Vedas as the source book contain the seed of science, and to him, the Vedas advocate the philosophy of dynamic realism.

Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in Mumbai in 1875 to promote social service. Arya Samaj, postulates in principle equal justice for all men and all nations, together with equality of the sexes. It repudiates a hereditary caste system, and only recognizes professions or guilds, suitable to the complementary aptitudes of men in society. He gave new interpretations to reform the stagnant Hindu thought through his book "Satyaprakash" (The Light of Truth). He profusely quoted the vedas and other religious texts to insist that salvation was not the only motto of a Hindu or Arya, as was believed. To lead a fruitful worldly life, working for a noble cause was important, and he preached that salvation was possible through social service.

In course of his travels he came to Kashi (Benaras). Here he took part in a debate with the scholars of Kashi. The question was whether the Vedas approved image worship. On the one side was Swami Dayananda all alone; on the other side were twenty-seven distinguished scholars of Kashi.The scholars had to accept defeat in the face of Dayananda's arguments. Just then a scholar came up with two sheets of paper and asked a question. Dayananda picked up the sheets and began to read. While he was still reading they began to shout that he could not answer the question. Dayananda protested that he needed to read before he could reply. But the scholars would not listen. They proclaimed that he had "failed". But the Press faithfully reported what had actually gone on. The official version of events simply did not wash, and Dayananda became a national figure.

Due to his radical thought, Swami Dayanand had acquired enemies from all spheres of life. On the occasion of Deepavali in 1883, he was a guest of the maharaja of Jodhpur. The king was a womanizer and Dayanand advised the king to lead a righteous life as a ruler, upsetting a mistress by the name of Nanhi Jan.

One day when the Maharaja and this woman were together, Dayananda happened upon them. (TRESSPASSER BY JAAT)Seeing them together, Dayananda boldly reprimanded the Maharaja thus, "Oh King, what is this I see? A lion in the company of a she-dog? This is unbefitting of an Arya. Your duty is like that of a father to his children. Your people look up to Ou for protection and guidance. But Ou are keeping the company of a street bitch and bringing defame to Our name, Our family, and the human race. Throw away Our selfish and degrading habits! Awaken from the coma of ignorance and hearken to the call of Our soul! You are Arya Putra, a son of God--be true to Our name and stand on Our own two feet like a man of God! Stop making excuses for Our selfish habits and leave these crutches of Our ego! You are not a four-legged animal--then why do Ou cuddle at the feet of this fallen mother, like a little puppy dog? Utishtha! Arise and be true to Our nature--follow Our Dharma like Our forefathers; polish and preserve Our character and become a shining gem in the crown of the Almighty."

The Maharaja felt ashamed and broke off all contact with this woman.

She bribed Dayananda's cook to poison him. One evening when Dayananda was about to go to bed he brought him a glass of milk containing poison and ground glass. Dayananda took the glass of milk and went to sleep only to wake up later with a burning sensation. He realized immediately that he had been poisoned and attempted to purge his digestive system of the poisonous substance, but it was too late. The poison had already entered his blood stream.

Dayananda was bedridden and suffered excruciating pain. Many doctors came to treat him but all was in vain. His body was covered all over with large bleeding sores.

On seeing Dayananda's suffering the cook was overcome with unbearable guilt and remorse. He confessed his crime to Dayananda. Dayananda forgave him and gave him a bag of money and told him to flee the country lest he be found out and executed by the Maharaja's men.

Dayananda Saraswati died on October 31^st , 1883 AS HE HAD DESECRATED THE SACRED VEDIC 13TH SAMSKARA OF HINDUS;

SAME AS JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE of women and children ON APRIL 13TH BAISAKHI ,

OR 13TH JANUARY LODHI -A FERTILITY FESTIVAL

AND SAME AS 13TH DECEMBER PARLIAMENT ATTACK CASE OF 13-12-2001,

SAME AS DEATH OF INDIRA GANDHI ON 31ST OCTOBER 1984 ,MURDERED BY ARYA SAMAJ ISLAMIC KHALISTANIS; WHO KILL WOMEN FOR CRIME AND LOOTMAAR IN THE NAME OF SEX AND YOUNG BODIES.

Added

After the birth of Ishmael and before the birth of Isaac, God’s promise to bless the families of the earth through Abraham’s descendants was repeated:

“As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations. “ (Gen. 17:4)

Another pleasant surprise was in store for Abraham. In his old age, his first wife Sarah was to bear him another child, Isaac (peace be upon him) (Gen. 21:5).

The Bible tells us that because of jealousy, Sarah asked her husband Abraham to cast out Ishmael and his mother Hagar (Gen. 21:10) who subsequently dwelt in the wilderness of “PARAN” (Gen. 21:21).

God’s promise to bless the descendants of Abraham was indeed realized. Through Abraham‘s second son Isaac came the Israelite prophets, including Jacob, Joseph, Moses, David, Solomon and Jesus (peace be upon them all), the last Israelite prophet. Fulfillment of God’s promise through the Israelite branch of Abraham is clearly and abundantly articulated in the Bible. How was that promise fulfilled through the Ishmaelite branch of the Abrahamic family tree? Or was it fulfilled at all? Or has it yet to be fulfilled?

To start with, God does not renege on His promises, nor does he forget, them. It is interesting to note that while the Bible contains elaborate details about the Israelite branch, the Ishmaelite branch is virtually ignored. With the exception of a few references here and there, the Bible is virtually silent on the Ishmaelites.

If it is accepted that God does not renege on His promises (a prerequisite of faith for any believer in God) then we are left with two possibilities:

a. that such a promise of blessing which included the Israelites had been fulfilled;

b. that it is yet to be fulfilled.

It is well known that out of the descendants of Ishmael came the last great prophet of monotheism, Prophet Muhammad, whose followers constitute nearly one-fifth of the total world population in all corners of the earth.

After blessing the descendants of Isaac, the Israelites, for centuries with the spiritual leadership, and after many lapses and rebellions against God on their part, a final chance was given to them through the mission of the last Israelite prophet, Jesus. When Jesus too was rejected, it was now time in God’s plan to fulfill His promise to the Ishmaelite branch as well, the branch which remained obscure until it was made a “great nation” through the mission of the well-known Prophet Muhammad, a descendant of Abraham through Ishmael. That shift of prophethood and spiritual leadership to the Ishmaelite branch of Abraham’s descendants brought to completion the centuries-old promise of God to bless the families of the earth through Abraham, the father of monotheism and patriarch revered by Jews, Christians and Muslims.

To any unbiased mind, the above evidence alone suffices to show the connection between such great prophets as Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad

If such prophecies about the advent of Prophet Muhammad are that obvious, how is it that millions of Bible readers could not come to such a conclusion?

Putting other reasons aside for now, it seems that combination of erroneous notions and misinterpretations are partly responsible for this situation.

Let’s analyze some of these notions.

Objections to the Inclusion of Ishmael in God’s Covenant with Abraham

Were Ishmael and his descendants excluded from God’s promise and covenant?

A common, yet erroneous, answer to this question is yes. A number of reasons are given:

Ishmael was not a legitimate son of Abraham. According to the commentators of The Interpreter’s Bible:

“Ishmael, like Isaac, is a descendant of Abraham; but Isaac is the child of ultimate promise, born to Sarah the true wife while Ishmael is born of the slave girl. Though he came of the stock of Abraham, yet it was right that he should be separated from the legitimate son.

This argument cannot be supported logically, morally, or even on the basis of the available versions of the Bible itself. Did the alleged state of bondage of Hagar prevent her from being a legitimate wife of Abraham. Why was she not a “true” wife? And if she were not a “true” wife like Sarah, what kind of wife was she?

The text of the Bible, not withstanding the possibilities of later insertions or changes, does not make such a claim. In Genesis 16:3, Hagar is described as Abraham’s wife

If Hagar was a legitimate wife of Abraham, there are no grounds whatsoever for questioning the legitimacy of her son Ishmael. Indeed the Bible refers to Ishmael as Abraham’s seed. Who was the first born child of Abraham.

Even if Hagar was a bondwoman, does that affect the rights and privileges of her son Ishmael?

The answer can be found in the Bible itself. In Hebrew traditions, the firstborn son was to have double portions of honour, even inheritance, and that right could not be changed due to the status of his mother.

In The Interpreter’s Bible, we read the following commentary on Deut. 21:15-17:

“However, the law of the first-born had ancient sanction, and so long as it was accepted justice demanded that mere favoritism not be allowed to deprive the eldest son of his rights.

It should be noted that God does not subscribe to human attitudes of ethnic or racial superiority or exclusivism, much less the submergence of spiritual and human qualities of mankind because of a certain unfortunate state of bondage. The fallacy of Ishmael’s inferior status owing to his mother’s “inferior” social status is not only contrary to the Judaic law (e.g. Deut. 21:15-17), it is also contrary to the moral, humanitarian and universal nature of God’s revelation cherished by any believer in Him.

b) Only Isaac was the son of promise and covenant.

Sometimes reference is made to the following verses in the Book of Genesis:

“But My Covenant will I establish with Isaac” (Gen. 17:2) “For in Isaac shall thy seed be called” (Gen. 21:12)

An interesting question is raised here: Is it possible that the writer(s) of this book (Genesis) inserted such statements to favor his own clan, himself being an Israelite?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutub_Minar

Inspired by the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan and wishing to surpass it, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Muslim ruler of Delhi, commenced construction of the Qutub Minar in 1193, but could only complete its basement.

His successor, Iltutmish, added three more storeys and, in 1368, Firuz Shah Tughluq Ghaznavids and Ghurids in Afghanistan, the Qutub Mahal comprises several superposed flanged and cylindrical balconies carried on Muqarnas corbels. The minaret is made of fluted red sandstone covered with intricate carvings and verses from the Qur'an.
constructed the fifth and the last storey. The development of architectural styles from Aibak to Tuglak are quite evident in the minaret. Like earlier towers erected by the shafts, separated by

The Qutub Minar is itself built on the ruins of Lal Kot, the Red Citadel in the city of Dhillika, the capital of the Tomars and the Chauhans, the last Hindu rulers of Delhi.

http://www.al-sunnah.com/muhammad_in_the_bible.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_Bukhari

Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari. Popularly known as Al-Bukhari (Arabic: البخاري‎) or Imam Bukhari (810-870), he was a famous Sunni Islamic scholar of Persian^[1] most known for authoring the hadith collection named Sahih Bukhari, a collection which Sunni regard as the most authentic (Arabic: ancestry,Sahih) collection after the Qur'an.^[1] Biography

His full name is Muhammad Ibn Ismail Ibn Ibrahim Ibn al-Mughirah Ibn Bardizbah al-Bukhari (Arabic: محمد بن اسماعيل بن ابراهيم بن المغيرة بن بردزبه البخاري).

[edit] Early life (810-820)

Bukhari was born in July 20, 810 CE (Shawal 13, 194 AH ) in the city of Bukhara, in what is today Uzbekistan. His father, Ismail Ibn Ibrahim, was a known hadith scholar that died while Bukhari was young.

Sunnis praise his memory, saying he was:

endowed by nature with great intellectual powers, although he was physically frail. He possessed a sharp and photographic memory, and a great tenacity of purpose, which served him well in his academic life.^[1]

Sunnis also state that he developed a power and speed of memory which seemed miraculous, even to his contemporaries^{[citation needed]}. It is said by the age of ten, Imam Bukhari had memorised 70,000 hadith by heart with their complete chain of narrations going from him to his teacher, and his teacher's teacher, all the way to the Prophet Muhammad.^{[citation needed]}.

3.	Act Name : THE ARYA MARRIAGE VALIDATION ACT, 1937 Act title : ACT No. 19 OF 1937 Enactment date : [14th April, 1937.] Download full act

http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98oct25/edit.htm

Please read excerpts.

Police told to attach Sara shopping centre

19 May 2003, 2350 hrs IST,TNN

Print Save EMail Write to Editor

MUMBAI: A special court on Monday directed the Mumbai police to attach the Sara shopping centre, allegedly owned by underworld don Dawood Ibrahim. Meanwhile, the BMC moved the court urging for demolition of the illegal shopping centre.

Sources said the crime branch was also keen on the demolition. The popular shopping centre, comprising 370 shops selling imported mobile phones, electronic gadgets, perfumes, watches, lamps and toys, is across the road from the city police headquarters.

The groundplus-one shopping centre is situated on a 2,865 square yard plot belonging to the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). The plot was purchased by Abdul Rehman and Abdul Radhanpur, both believed to be Dawood’s frontmen.

The two along with Dawood’s brother Iqbal Kaskar have been booked under the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOCA). The attachment order was given by designated MCOCA judge A. P. Bhangale on an application moved by assistant commisioner Shanker Kamble of the crime branch.

Senior inspector Naresh Talavlikar of Azad maidan police station has been appointed as court receiver of the shopping centre. He will make a list of moveable and immoveable properties and submit a report to the court on June 2.

The court also directed BMC chief engineer J S Sane of the building proposal department to help the court receiver in making a sketch of the attached properties. Defence lawyer Waris Pathan said, “The court has asked the owners of the shopping centre to file a reply in the case by June 2. Our contention is that the property has been genuinely acquired by Abdul Rehman and Abdul Radhanpur.’’

But a senior police officer said, “We have taped telephonic conversations between the duo and Iqbal Kaskar, who was then in Dubai. Kaskar had ordered the two men to forcibly evict tenants from the plot and bribe civic officials for constructing the shopping centre.’’

The officer addeed, “The shops at Sara shopping centre have been illegally sold to various persons for huge pecuniary gains to the organised crime syndicate.’’

Police start attaching Sara centre

20 May 2003, 2247 hrs IST,TNN

Print Save EMail Write to Editor

MUMBAI: The police on Tuesday began the process of attaching the Sara shopping centre allegedly owned by gangster Dawood Ibrahim. A posse of policemen from Azad Maidan and MRA Marg police stations arrived at the shopping centre near Crawford Market at 3.15 p.m.

As ordered by the court, the officers asked the 370 shopkeepers to vacate the premises. Shop employees were seen carrying away their wares in cartons and boxes after the police arrived. Many of them expressed resentment against the police action. The police, however, went ahead with their task of preparing an inventory of the movable and immovable properties at the shopping centre.

Defence lawyer Waris Pathan, however, moved the court against the sealing of the premises. The court has reserved the hearing for Wednesday morning. Deputy police commissioner (crime) Pradeep Sawant, who also visited the spot, said, "The process of making an inventory of the shops will go on till Wednesday afternoon."

Mr Pathan plans to appeal to the special court on Wednesday to direct the court receiver to make the inventory "without disturbing the business of shopkeepers." "More than 300 families will suffer if the shops are closed. The shopkeepers have offered to assist the police in making the inventory and taking the measurements.Why should their business be shut down?", he wondered. But, a police officer said that the sealing of the premises was "necessary" to aid investigations.

The court also directed BMC chief engineer (development plan) J.S. Sane to help the court receiver in making a blueprint of the attached properties. Sources alleged that the shopping centre owners Abdul Rehman and Abdul Radhanpur were frontmen for Dawood Ibrahim. The duo was arrested recently with Dawood’s brother Iqbal Kaskar and booked under the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOCA).

The shopping centre is situated on a 2,865 square yards plot belonging to the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). It was originally leased by CPWD to a person called Munim in 1939. He further sub-let it to Rehman and Radhanpur’s firm, Global Marketing for a paltry sum of Rs 18 lakhs, sources said. The police alleged that bribes were paid to certain officials of the BMC and CPWD to get permission for the shopping centre.

The civic records were also reportedly forged to show a change of user. A police team under the supervision of DCP Sawant and assistant commissioner Shankar Kamble has so far grilled engineers from the BMC and the CPWD.

"The shops at Sara shopping centre have been illegally sold various persons for huge pecuniary gains to the organised crime syndicate," an officer stated.

Sara Victorian Retail Stores

in QuickList

http://www.hdfcbank.com/personal/default.htm

Please see the CISF SECURITY demand of the private sector and how they are representing India on their website.
PLEASE SEE HOW UNITED INDIA -UIIC IS REPRESENTING INDIA

http://www.uiic.co.in/

http://www.uiic.co.in/contactus.jsp

http://www.uiic.co.in/products.jsp

http://www.uiic.co.in/grievance1.jsp

Tuesday, June 17, 2008

A REVIEW IN SERIAL ORDER OF ALL MY POSTS TILL DATE

Search a branch

TOMORROW HDFC MIGHT DEMAND CURRENCY STRAIGHT FROM GOVERNMENT MINTS -DEWAS ;WITHOUT IT GOING TO THE GOVERNMENT CHEST?

WILL THE GOVERNMENT ACCEDE TO THE REQUEST?

Fame India Ltd. (formerly Shringar Cinemas Ltd.)

http://www.fame.co.in/ShringarFilms.html

Shringar Films Ltd.

The PLO emblem shows the Flag of Palestine above a map of State of Palestine (present-day Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.)

RED AND GREEN SARI OF PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION OF 1964 AND FILTHY PHOTO TAKEN OF MY BODY AS I BROUGHT HANUMANJI'S PHOTO TO THE FUNCTION OF WREATHS IN BILASPUR -C.G. ON 26-3-2001.COMPARE ME WITH THE REST OF THE STAFF,AND THE INHUMANE RANA FILTHY SEX NEEDS OF MAD MEN LIKE KALRA WITH DARK CIRCLES UNDER THEIR EYES.

17 months ago: Indian Home Minister Shivraj Patil, center, looks at dead bodies at a morgue in Panipat, India, Monday Feb. 19, 2007, after fire raked through Samjhauta Express, a train traveling to Pakistan early Monday morning in northern India, killing at least 64 people. Two suitcases filled with flammable material which investigators believe may have been explosive devices were found at the scene, raising strong suspicions of a terror attack.

Photo from AP Photo by Mustafa Quraishi

Indian Home Minister Shivraj Patil, center, looks at dead bodies at a morgue in Panipat, India, Monday Feb. 19, 2007, after fire raked through Samjhauta Express, a train traveling to Pakistan early Monday morning in northern India, killing at least 64 people. Two suitcases filled with flammable material which investigators believe may have been explosive devices were found at the scene, raising strong suspicions of a terror attack. From AP Photo by Mustafa Quraishi.

Shivraj Patil's daughter commits suicide
8 May 2002, 0352 hrs IST,TNN

BANGALORE: Deputy Leader of Congress party in the Lok Sabha Shivraj Patil's daughter, Sapna B. Patil (35) committed suicide at her husband's house in Bangalore's posh Vasanth Nagar area on Tuesday afternoon.
Sapna was married to Basavaprabhu S.Patil, a practising advocate at the Karnataka High Court and the younger son of Supreme Court Judge Justice Shivraj Patil. She hanged herself to death with a sari from the ceiling fan in their bedroom.
"We are yet to ascertain why she committed suicide," the police said. The mother-in-law and maid servant who saw her, rushed to the hospital, but she was declared dead on arrival, the police said.
Chief Minister S.M. Krishna visited Mahaveer Jain Hospital where Sapna was taken after she was found hanging. He consoled the family members.
Sapna, who is a law graduate married Basavaprabhu in 1994 when her father was the Lok Sabha Speaker. She practised as an advocate at the Karnataka High Court for a while after marriage, before she quit.
The Patils have a 6-year-old daughter and 10-day-old son. The former Lok Sabha speaker and his family members arrived in Bangalore late on Tuesday night. Post-mortem will be done at the Bowring Hospital on Wednesday.

http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok10/mp1.htm

PATIL, SHRI SHIVRAJ

Cong.(I) - Latur (Maharashtra)

Speaker, Lok Sabha

Father's Name Shri Vishwanath Patil, alias Sambhaji Patil

Date of Birth 12th October, 1935

Place of Birth Chakur in Distt. Latur (Maharashtra)

Marital Status Married in June, 1963

Spouse's Name Smt. Vijaya

Children One son and one daughter

Educational Qualifications B.Sc., LL.M. Educated at Osmania University, Hyderabad;

Bombay University, Bombay

Profession Advocate, Agriculturist, Political Worker and

Hony. Professor of Law and Politics

After her delivery, she had developed suicidal tendencies, the police added.

Betaab Dil Ki Tamanna Yehi Hai-Hanste Zakhm-Lata-Madan Mohan

in QuickList

Betaab Dil Ki Tamanna Yehi Hai-Hanste Zakhm-Lata-Mad an Mohan

03:59

Sunday, November 25, 2007

West Returns East

If you've ever been to a Russian Orthodox liturgy, you know that there is a lot of ritual involved: the incense, the non-stop crossing, kissing icons, performing every action in symbolic threes. Many people who feel the Roman Mass has become impoverished since the liturgical reforms of Vatican II change to an Eastern Catholic rite, or join the Orthodox Church. These are people who love liturgy; I am not one of them.

But whenever I am home I go to church with my dad, a small Ukranian Catholic church in Warrington. The gold domes spiked with the signature three-bar crosses of the Eastern Church can be seen from 611 as you pass the Porsche dealership and the AAA store. Inside the church is the iconostasis which separates the congregation from the sanctuary. Icons of the Theotokos, the Mother of God, and stern-looking Christs adorn its walls. The priest's back is to the congregation and he alternates between Ukranian and English. If you've ever longed for the days of Vatican I (before the progressives sacked Rome with their "reforms"), this is it.

The church received a new priest after I had moved out. He was from Ukraine, and came with his wife and daughter. I saw the daughter at the summer festival while my dad was playing bartender and I was slinging holubtsis with the old ladies in the kitchen--no complaints there.

But when it comes to attending services there, I have lots of complaints (which I keep to myself). It mostly has to do with the fact that I am a "big picture" person, not a detail person--and an orthodox liturgy is chock-full of them. Maybe the Roman Mass is just as detail-laden, and I have just grown accustomed to it. But I also grew up going to church with my dad and getting the feeling that God was in the details--in the icons, the gold guilded crosses, the elaborate and perplexing rituals. I thought it was silly that the services were in Ukranian when only the old ladies understood it. Maybe the church was for them, but as for me, I wanted God.

I still live with this "religious aversion to religion" in a state of uneasy tension: I am attracted to the fundamentals of religion as a means to an end, but repelled by the attachment to religion and all its accoutrements that many people have. I don't even like to pray out loud.

But, as always, a lot of these feelings rise up from the muck of history. During the patristic period, when Christianity was just starting to shape itself, the Greek and Roman churches took two different approaches to their formal conception of Christ. The Greeks, with their long pagan history, glorified the body through statuary, a practice the early church saw as dangerous because it emphasized the flesh more than the spirit. The Greeks made prohibitions against statuary, the Romans did not, and that is why you see statues in Roman churches emphasizing the humanity of Jesus and icons in Byzantine churches stressing Christ's divine nature.

It's no accident that two of my favorite books are Zorba the Greek and The Last Temptation of Christ. They celebrate humanity religiously--not the other way around. But to each his own.

Sight of the Day: A man with a big gray beard walking down Ridge Avenue wearing this t-shirt:

How's that for black and white?

How Money Laundering Works

by Julia Layton

Inside This Article

1. Introduction to How Money Laundering Works
2. Money-laundering Methods
3 Busted Money-laundering Operations

4. The Effects of Money Laundering

5.Fighting Money Laundering

In October 2005, U.S. congressman Tom DeLay was indicted on money laundering charges, forcing him to step down as House Majority Leader. Money laundering is a serious charge -- in 2001, U.S. prosecutors obtained almost 900 money-laundering convictions with an average prison sentence of six years. The rise of global financial markets makes money laundering easier than ever -- countries with bank-secrecy laws are directly connected to countries with bank-reporting laws, making it possible to anonymously deposit "dirty" money in one country and then have it transferred to any other country for use.

Money laundering happens in almost every country in the world, and a single scheme typically involves transferring money through several countries in order to obscure its origins. In this article, we'll learn exactly what money laundering is and why it's necessary, who launders money and how they do it and what steps the authorities are taking to try to foil money-laundering operations.

Tom DeLay

In October 2005, a Texas county indicted U.S. congressman Tom DeLay on charges that included money laundering and conspiracy to violate election codes. (The conspiracy charge was later thrown out, and as of May 2006 no trial date has been set.) In Texas, candidates for legislature are not allowed to receive corporate campaign donations. The prosecution holds that DeLay took part in an alleged scheme to bypass that rule and hide the corporate origins of money that ended up in the hands of Republican candidates in Texas. The alleged laundering scheme involved sending corporate donations from Texas to the Republican National Committee headquarters in Washington D.C., and the RNC then sending an equal amount of money back to Texas for use in campaigning. Two of DeLay's aides and his top campaign contributor have already pleaded guilty in a separate probe to crimes including conspiracy; wire, tax and mail fraud; and corruption of public officials.

Money Laundering Basics

Money laundering, at its simplest, is the act of making money that comes from Source A look like it comes from Source B. In practice, criminals are trying to disguise the origins of money obtained through illegal activities so it looks like it was obtained from legal sources. Otherwise, they can't use the money because it would connect them to the criminal activity, and law-enforcement officials would seize it.

The most common types of criminals who need to launder money are drug traffickers, embezzlers, corrupt politicians and public officials, mobsters, terrorists and con artists. Drug traffickers are in serious need of good laundering systems because they deal almost exclusively in cash, which causes all sorts of logistics problems. Not only does cash draw the attention of law-enforcement officials, but it's also really heavy. Cocaine that's worth $1 million on the street weighs about 44 pounds (20 kg), while a stash of U.S. dollars worth $1 million weighs about 256 pounds (116 kg).

The basic money laundering process has three steps:

Placement - At this stage, the launderer inserts the dirty money into a legitimate financial institution. This is often in the form of cash bank deposits. This is the riskiest stage of the laundering process because large amounts of cash are pretty conspicuous, and banks are required to report high-value transactions.

Layering - Layering involves sending the money through various financial transactions to change its form and make it difficult to follow. Layering may consist of several bank-to-bank transfers, wire transfers between different accounts in different names in different countries, making deposits and withdrawals to continually vary the amount of money in the accounts, changing the money's currency, and purchasing high-value items (boats, houses, cars, diamonds) to change the form of the money. This is the most complex step in any laundering scheme, and it's all about making the original dirty money as hard to trace as possible.

Integration - At the integration stage, the money re-enters the mainstream economy in legitimate-looking form -- it appears to come from an legal transaction. This may involve a final bank transfer into the account of a local business in which the launderer is "investing" in exchange for a cut of the profits, the sale of a yacht bought during the layering stage or the purchase of a $10 million screwdriver from a company owned by the launderer. At this point, the criminal can use the money without getting caught. It's very difficult to catch a launderer during the integration stage if there is no documentation during the previous stages.

Money laundering is a crucial step in the success of drug trafficking and terrorist activities, not to mention white collar crime, and there are countless organizations trying to get a handle on the problem. In the United States, the Department of Justice, the State Department, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service and the Drug Enforcement Agency all have divisions investigating money laundering and the underlying financial structures that make it work. State and local police also investigate cases that fall under their jurisdiction. Because global financial systems play a major role in most high-level laundering schemes, the international community is fighting money laundering through various means, including the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), which as of 2005 has 33 member states and organizations. The United Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund also have anti-money-laundering.

Money-laundering Methods

In 1996, Harvard-educated economist Franklin Jurado went to prison for cleaning $36 million for Columbian drug lord Jose Santacruz-Londono. People with a whole lot of dirty money typically hire financial experts to handle the laundering process. It's complex by necessity: The whole idea is to make it impossible for authorities to trace the dirty money while it's cleaned.

There are lots of money-laundering techniques that authorities know about and probably countless others that have yet to be uncovered. Here are some of the more popular ones:

Black Market Colombian Peso Exchange
This system, which the DEA calls the "largest drug money-laundering mechanism in the Western Hemisphere" [ref], came to light in the 1990s. A Colombian official sat down with people in the U.S. Treasury Department to discuss the problem of U.S. goods being illegally imported into Colombia using the black market. When they considered the issue alongside the drug-money-laundering problem, U.S. and Columbian officials put two and two together and discovered that the same mechanism was achieving both ends.
This complex setup relies on the fact that there are businesspeople in Colombia -- typically importers of international goods -- who need U.S. dollars in order to conduct business. To avoid the Colombian government's taxes on the money exchange from pesos to dollars and the tariffs on imported goods, these businessmen can go to black market "peso brokers" who charge a lower fee to conduct the transaction outside of government intervention.

That's the illegal importing side of the scheme. The money-laundering side goes like this: A drug trafficker turns over dirty U.S. dollars to a peso broker in Colombia. The peso broker then uses those drug dollars to purchase goods in the United States for Colombian importers. When the importers receive those goods (below government radar) and sell them for pesos in Colombia, they pay back the peso broker from the proceeds. The peso broker then gives the drug trafficker the equivalent in pesos (minus a commission) of the original, dirty U.S. dollars that began the process.

Structuring deposits
Also known as smurfing, this method entails breaking up large amounts of money into smaller, less-suspicious amounts. In the United States, this smaller amount has to be below $10,000 -- the dollar amount at which U.S. banks have to report the transaction to the government. The money is then deposited into one or more bank accounts either by multiple people (smurfs) or by a single person over an extended period of time.

Overseas banks
Money launderers often send money through various "offshore accounts" in countries that have bank secrecy laws, meaning that for all intents and purposes, these countries allow anonymous banking. A complex scheme can involve hundreds of bank transfers to and from offshore banks. According to the International Monetary Fund, "major offshore centers" include the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, Antilles, Panama and Singapore.

Underground/alternative banking
Some countries in Asia have well-established, legal alternative banking systems that allow for undocumented deposits, withdrawals and transfers. These are trust-based systems, often with ancient roots, that leave no paper trail and operate outside of government control. This includes the hawala system in Pakistan and India and the fie chen system in China.

Shell companies
These are fake companies that exist for no other reason than to launder money. They take in dirty money as "payment" for supposed goods or services but actually provide no goods or services; they simply create the appearance of legitimate transactions through fake invoices and balance sheets.

Investing in legitimate businesses
Launderers sometimes place dirty money in otherwise legitimate businesses to clean it. They may use large business like brokerage firms or casinos that deal in so much money it's easy for the dirty stuff to blend in, or they may use small, cash-intensive businesses like bars, car washes, strip clubs or check-cashing stores. These businesses may be "front companies" that actually do provide a good or service but whose real purpose is to clean the launderer's money. This method typically works in one of two ways: The launderer can combine his dirty money with the company's clean revenues -- in this case, the company reports higher revenues from its legitimate business than it's really earning; or the launderer can simply hide his dirty money in the company's legitimate bank accounts in the hopes that authorities won't compare the bank balance to the company's financial statements.

Most money-laundering schemes involve some combination of these methods, although the Black Market Peso Exchange is pretty much a one-stop-shopping system once someone smuggles the cash to the peso broker. The variety of tools available to launderers makes this a difficult crime to stop, but authorities do catch the bad guys every now and then. In the next section, we'll take a look at two busted money-laundering operations.

Busted Money-laundering Operations

White-collar laundering: Eddie Antar

In the 1980s, Eddie Antar, the owner of Crazy Eddie's Electronics, skimmed millions of dollars from the company to hide it from the IRS. That was the original plan, anyway, but he and his co-conspirators eventually decided they could make better use of the money if they sent it back to the company disguised as revenue. This would inflate the company's reported assets in preparation for its IPO. In a series of trips to Israel, Antar carried millions of dollars strapped to his body and in his suitcase. Here's a basic recounting of how the scheme worked:

Placement: Antar made a series of separate deposits to a bank in Israel. On one trip, he made 12 deposits in a single day.

Layering: Before U.S. or Israeli authorities had a chance to notice the suddenly huge balance in the account, Antar had the Israeli bank wire transfer everything to Panama, where bank secrecy laws are in effect. From that account, Antar could make anonymous transfers to various offshore accounts.

Integration: Antar then slowly wired the money from those accounts to the legitimate Crazy Eddie's Electronics bank account, where the money got mixed in with legitimate dollars and documented as revenue.

Overall, Crazy Eddie laundered more than $8 million. His scheme boosted the initial offering stock price so that the company ended up worth $40 million more than it would have been without the added revenue. Antar sold his stock and left with $30 million in profit. Authorities found him in Israel in 1992, and Israel extradited him to the United States to stand trial. He received an eight-year prison sentence.

Drug-money laundering: Franklin Jurado
In the late 1980s and early '90s, Harvard-educated economist Franklin Jurado ran an operation to launder money for Columbian drug lord Jose Santacruz-Londono. His was a very complex scheme. In its simplest form, the operation went something like this:

Placement: Jurado deposited cash from U.S. drug sales in Panama bank accounts.

Layering: He then transferred the money from Panama to more than 100 bank accounts in 68 banks in nine countries in Europe, always in transactions under $10,000 to avoid suspicion. The bank accounts were in made-up names and names of Santacruz-Londono's mistresses and family members. Jurado then set up shell companies in Europe in order to document the money as legitimate income.

Integration: The plan was to send the money to Columbia, where Santacruz-Londono would use it to fund his numerous legitimate business there. But Jurado got caught.

In total, Jurado funneled $36 million in drug money through legitimate financial institutions. Jurado's scheme came to light when a Monaco bank collapsed, and a subsequent audit revealed numerous accounts that could be traced back to Jurado. At the same time, Jurado's neighbor in Luxembourg filed a noise complaint because Jurado had a money-counting machine running all night. Local authorities investigated, and a Luxembourg court ultimately found him guilty of money laundering. When he'd finished serving his time in Luxembourg, a U.S. court found him guilty, too, and sentenced him to seven-and-a-half years in prison.

When authorities are able to interrupt a laundering scheme, it can pay off tremendously, leading to arrests, dirty money and property seizures and sometimes the dismantling of a criminal operation. However, most money-laundering schemes go unnoticed, and large operations have serious effects on social and economic health.

Currency of Choice

For decades, the U.S. dollar has been the most popular currency for launders to use. Its popularity is due to its wide acceptance and the volume of worldwide transactions that use the currency -- a few million extra dollars changing hands doesn't attract attention. However, the euro has slowly gained a foothold in the laundering industry since its introduction into common use in 2002. As far as money laundering goes, the euro could be the perfect currency: It is the main legal tender of more than a dozen countries, meaning it circulates in tremendous volume and moves regularly across borders without any notice at all.

he Effects of Money Laundering

Depending on which international agency you ask, criminals launder anywhere between $500 billion and $1 trillion worldwide every year. The global effect is staggering in social, economic and security terms. On the socio-cultural end of the spectrum, successfully laundering money means that criminal activity actually does pay off. This success encourages criminals to continue their illicit schemes because they get to spend the profit with no repercussions. This means more fraud, more corporate embezzling (which means more workers losing their pensions when the corporation collapses), more drugs on the streets, more drug-related crime, law-enforcement resources stretched beyond their means and a general loss of morale on the part of legitimate business people who don't break the law and don't make nearly the profits that the criminals do.
The economic effects are on a broader scale. Developing countries often bear the brunt of modern money laundering because the governments are still in the process of establishing regulations for their newly privatized financial sectors. This makes them a prime target. In the 1990s, numerous banks in the developing Baltic states ended up with huge, widely rumored deposits of dirty money. Bank patrons proceeded to withdraw their own clean money for fear of losing it if the banks came under investigation and lost their insurance. The banks collapsed as a result. Other major issues facing the world's economies include errors in economic policy resulting from artificially inflated financial sectors. Massive influxes of dirty cash into particular areas of the economy that are desirable to money launderers create false demand, and officials act on this new demand by adjusting economic policy. When the laundering process reaches a certain point or if law-enforcement officials start to show interest, all of that money that will suddenly disappear without any predictable economic cause, and that financial sector falls apart.
Some problems on a more local scale relate to taxation and small-business competition. Laundered money is usually untaxed, meaning the rest of us ultimately have to make up the loss in tax revenue. Also, legitimate small businesses can't compete with money-laundering front businesses that can afford to sell a product for cheaper because their primary purpose is to clean money, not turn a profit. They have so much cash coming in that they might even sell a product or service below cost.
The majority of global investigations focus on two prime money-laundering industries: Drug trafficking and terrorist organizations. The effect of successfully cleaning drug money is clear: More drugs, more crime, more violence. The connection between money laundering and terrorism may be a bit more complex, but it plays a crucial role in the sustainability of terrorist organizations. Most people who financially support terrorist organizations do not simply write a personal check and hand it over to a member of the terrorist group. They send the money in roundabout ways that allow them to fund terrorism while maintaining anonymity. And on the other end, terrorists do not use credit cards and checks to purchase the weapons, plane tickets and civilian assistance they need to carry out a plot. They launder the money so authorities can't trace it back to them and foil their planned attack. Interrupting the laundering process can cut off funding and resources to terrorist groups. So the next question is: What are authorities doing to prevent money laundering?

Fighting Money Laundering

Stopping the flow
of laundered cash

It's a daunting task to trace the origins of any deposit when there are about 700,000 global wire transfers occurring every day [ref]. Which is the dirty money and which is the clean stuff? Within the United States, there are two primary methods employed by the government to detect and combat money laundering: legislation and law enforcement.

The United States addresses the crime of money laundering in countless legislative acts. Here are just a few of them:

The Bank Secrecy Act (1970) basically eliminates all anonymous banking in the United States. It gives the Treasury Department the ability to force banks to keep records that make it easier to spot a laundering operation. This includes reporting all single transactions above $10,000 and multiple transactions totaling more than $10,000 to or from a single account in one day. A banker who consistently violates this rule can serve up to 10 years in prison.

The 1986 Money Laundering Control Act makes money laundering a crime in itself instead of just an element of another crime, and the 1994 Money Laundering Suppression Act orders banks to establish their own money-laundering task forces to weed out suspicious activity in their institutions. The 2001 U.S. Patriot Act sets up mandatory identity checks for U.S. bank patrons and provides resources toward tracking transactions in the underground/alternative banking systems frequented by terrorist money handlers. For a more complete list of U.S. anti-money-laundering legislation, see FDIC: Bank Secrecy Act and Anti-Money Laundering.

In addition to legislation intended to detect a money-laundering operation, undercover stings are also a component of the fight. The DEA's Operation Juno, which ended in 1999, is a prime example. The DEA out of Atlanta conducted a sting operation that involved providing resources to drug traffickers to launder money. The undercover DEA agents made deals with the traffickers to turn drug money from dollars to pesos using the Columbian Black Market Peso Exchange. The operation ended with 40 arrests and the seizure of $10 million in drug proceeds and 3,600 kilograms of cocaine.

Despite these victories, the truth is that no individual nation has the power to stop money laundering -- if one country is hostile to laundering, criminals simply look elsewhere for a place to clean their money. Global cooperation is essential. The most prominent international organization in this respect is probably the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), which has 33 member states and international organizations on its roster list as of 2005. The FATF issued the "40 Recommendations" for banks (there are actually 49 now, but the moniker hasn't changed) that have become the anti-money-laundering standard. These recommendations include:

Identify and do background checks on depositors.
Report all suspicious activity. (For example, if a background check revealed that depositor A works in a steel factory, and he typically deposits $2,000 every two weeks, a series of 10 $9,000 deposits over the course of two weeks should raise a red flag.)
Build an internal taskforce to identify laundering clues.

The "recommendations" are really more like rules than friendly tips. The FATF keeps a list of "uncooperative countries" -- those who have not enacted the recommendations. The FATF encourages its member states not to deal with those countries in financial matters.

Other global organizations fighting money laundering include the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and smaller groups like the Caribbean FATF and the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering.

While increased worldwide efforts are making a small dent in the money-laundering industry, the problem is huge, and the money launderers are winning overall. Countries with bank-secrecy rules, which arguably have legitimate benefits to the honest depositor, make it extremely hard to track money once it's transferred overseas. Still, the FATF's uncooperative list has gone from 15 countries in 2000 to two countries (Myanmar and Nigeria) in 2005. By most accounts, this is a significant sign of progress. Only increased global awareness and cooperation can curb the success of the money-laundering industry.
http://money.howstuffworks.com/money-laundering.htm

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WHEN I WAS POSTED AT BARGINAGAR TOWNSHIP IN JABALPUR DISTRICT ,SITE TO BARGINAGAR DAM AND IN FRONT OF THE ANCIENT SHIV TEMPLE A TOP A HILL, MY NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOR ,MRS. TIWARI OF FISHERIES DEPARTMENT SUPPOSEDLY KILLED HERSELF BY CONSUMING SULPHAS ON HOLI DAY OF 12^TH MARCH 1990. SHE HAD THREE SMALL CHILDREN,EXTREMELY BEAUTIFUL ,SLIM AND HAPPY SHIVA WORSHIPPING PERSON AND HER TIWARI SURNAME WAS SYMBOLIC OF DAYANAND.

WHEN I WAS POSTED AT BHOPAL, I WAS RUNNING A BEAUTY PARLOR , AND HAD TWO KASHMIRI BRAHMIN FAMILIES LIVING AT THE TOP FLOORS IN THE CHAR IMLI STATE BANK OFFICER'S COLONY BUILDING WITH THE NAMES OF KAUL AND DHAR.THEN WHEN I CAME TO DELHI A FILTHY FAMILY OF RANA OCCUPIED MY HOUSE 1513 ; FIRST FLOOR IN SYMBOLIC 2004 HAVING ILLEGITIMATE RELATIONS WITH KALRA AS HE HAS MADE NO OPEN DECLARATION OF HIS REAL RELATIONS WHICH GAVE HIM THE RIGHT TO DO ALL THAT HE WAS DOING WITH THE FAMILY.ALL THE FAMILY MEMBERS OF RANA FAMILY SEEMED TO HAVE BEEN COLLECTED TOGETHER TO FORM A FAMILY AND DID NOT BEHAVE OR LOOK RELATED TO EACH OTHER .THEIR COMINGS AND GOINGS WERE SUSPECT ,
MAINTAINING A NEW ZEN CAR ON RETIREMENT
HAVING THE NUMBER 2675 {AFTER 1926 AND 1875 SYMBOLISM}
AS WELL AS FILTHY SEX..

AFTER MY HOUSE THEY SHIFTED TO 1510 IN THE SAME LANE IN THE HOUSE OF PROPRIETOR OF GE ELECTRONICS ,KINGSWAY CAMP ,WHO HAS THE SAME FACE AS MAJOR GENERAL AFSIR KARIM WRITING ABOUT PSYCHOLOGICAL WAR/RELIGION AND KASHMIR.

WHEN I WAS POSTED AT BHILAI ,I RE- OPENED MY BEAUTY PARLOR AND WAS LIVING AT SM 12 A DURG .THERE I HAD A CLIENT CALLED POONAM GARG WHO ASKED ME ONE DAY FOR RS 500 NOTES AS THEY WERE EASY TO CARRY DURING TRAVEL AND SHE WAS GOING TO HER MAIKA ,AND KALRA WAS IN SBI SO ACCORDING TO HER HE COULD HELP HER. I TOOK HER TO KALRA AS I WANTED TO KNOW MORE ABOUT WHY SHE WANTED RS. 500 NOTES.

AS SHE TOOK THE NOTES FROM KALRA I BEFRIENDED HER AND VISITED HER HOUSE. THERE I CAME TO KNOW THAT HER HUSBAND WAS WORKING IN THE BHILAI STEEL PLANT AND THE FAMILY HAD A VERY HORROR HISTORY.

POONAM{ MEANING MORNING ITCH OF MEN FOR SEX} HAD A FATHER- IN -LAW WHO HAD MARRIED A RUSSIAN LADY AND THEN SEVERELY ILLTREATED HER .THE GOOD, HARD WORKING WOMAN DID ALL THE HOUSE CHORES BAKED CAKES FOR HER FAMILY AND WORKED IN THE VEGETABLE GARDEN WEARING LONG BOOTS. SHE GAVE THE NEIGHBORS ,THE VEGETABLES SHE GREW AND WAS VERY FRIENDLY.

ONE DAY SHE DOUSED HERGSELF WITH PETROL IN THE GARDEN AND SET FIRE TO HERSELF. THE UNNATURAL PART OF THE STORY IS THAT NO ONE HELPED HER ,NEITHER HER NEIGHBORS , NOR THE PASSERS ;BY NOR EVEN HER OWN CHILDREN WHO STOOD AS MUTE SPECTATORS WATCHING HER BURN. TO ME IT SEEMED THE TEST TUBE BABY STORY WHEREIN THE CHILDREN ARE BRAIN WASHED INTO BELIEVING THAT THEIR BIRTH MOTHER IS NOT THEIR MOTHER BUT THE YOUNG WOMAN WHO WAS SERVICING THEIR FATHER IN BED ; WAS THEIR MOTHER.THE CHILDREN/grandchildren ALSO HAD NO RUSSIAN FEATURES OF LIGHT SKIN OR EYES AND DID NOT LOOK AS IF THEY HAD BEEN BROUGHT IN THIS WORLD BY A RUSSIAN, NOT EVEN ONE OF THEM.IT WAS RECREATING THE MUSLIM HAGAR AND SARA STORY IN A HINDU /CHRISTAIN HOUSEHOLD! FOR CRIME AND THEN HEINOUS ARYA SAMAJ AT THE MURDER OF THE NICE WOMAN .

THE WHOLE THING WAS OFF COURSE TO LOOT AND STEAL AND FOR CRIME AS POONAM REGULARLY CAME TO KALRA FOR RS. 500 NOTES IN THE NAME OF TAKING THEM FOR TRAVEL PURPOSE FOR SOME OR THE OTHER FAMILY MEMBER OF HERS AND IN LARGE AMOUNTS. I WAS ALSO AN EARNING WOMAN BUT NEVER SPENT OR CARRIED SO MUCH CASH IN TRAVEL .

SHE HAD NAMED HER CHILDREN ALSO ACCORDINGLY AS RAGHAV OR GIVING A WOUND OR CUT OR INJURING SOMEONE AS WELL AS ARCHIT WHICH MEANS GRABBING WHAT IS NOT YOURS BY UN LAWFUL MEANS.

THE FAMILY WAS HEINOUS AND VICIOUS BUT HAD GREAT LOVE RECIPROCATED BY KALRA.

WHEN I SUBMITTED MY SYNOPSIS ON FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY ON 10-10-2005 AT DEHLI UNIVERSITY ,I WAS SHOCKED TO SEE THAT THE OFFICE ASSISTANT OF THE DEPARTMENT WAS NAMED SURINDER AND HAD THE SAME FACE AS MY SERVANT IN DURG WHOM I HAD TAKEN TO THE THANA FOR SERVANT VERIFICATION AS I WAS STAYING ALONE IN DURG WITH MY TWO SMALL CHILDREN.PLEASE SEE PHOTO .ALSO SEE THE ILLUSTRATIVE COVER OF THE MOVIE MADE BY ABBA -CHORI CHORI CHUPKE CHUPKE WHICH TOTALLY ILLUSTRATES THIS FILTHY TEST TUBE BABY /SURROGATE CHEATING FOR SOPS IN SWITZERLAND -THE DESTINATION OF MONEY LAUNDERERS.

IN THESE DAYS OF NUCLEAR AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY ,THESE BITCHES AND DOGS WANT TO KILL EDUCATED WOMEN WHO CAN BE AN ASSET FOR TEACHING THE UNEDUCATED MASSES -A GROSS MIS MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE AS WELL AS PUSHING WOMEN INTO THE DARK AGES NOT ONLY TO EXPLOIT THEM BUT BLEED AN ENTIRE NATION .

PLEASE SEE THIS MOVIE OF MY DADDY'S TIME-

AND TRY TO FORGET FITHY BASTARDS LIKE BIN LADEN ,AGNIVESH , LADHA HUA DHOBI LODHA DAYANAND BED BUBBLY GANDHI KALRA OF CHORI -CHORI KUTIYA KUTTE OF DEWAS COUNTERFEIT CURRENCY.

Lajwanti (1958)

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051842/

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"Ichak Dana Beechak Dana" from Shree 420 (1955)

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Lakh Chupao Chhup Na Sakega (Sadhna & Dev Anand)

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Gori Zara Hans De Tu (Dev Anand)

03:35

PRABHAKAR KAZA -HOWEVER DID NOT ATTEND THE FUNCTION OF 26-3-2001 ,ARRANGED BY SORDID WREATH MONGERS IN RAILWAY COLONY BRANCH OF SBI IN ,BILASPUR.HE FLEW STRAIGHT TO GREAT BRITAIN ,MAKING HIS WIFE RESIGN FROM A WELL PAYING JOB IN SBI AND MADE HER DEPENDENT ON HIM ,IN A FOREIGN LAND ;IN THE NAME OF FOREIGN POSTING.
TWO WOMEN-MYSELF AND KAZA'Z WIFE WERE DESTROYED BY SBI TRANSFER POLICIES AND THIS SAME BANK AFFORDED NO PROTECTION TO ITS WOMEN FOLK WHO ARE TRAMPLED TO DEATH BY MAD -ELEPHANT SEX- APPETITE MEN STAMPEDE.
KALRA SUBSTITUTED FOR KAZA SYMBOLICALLY IN THE FUNCTION ATTACKING LIKE A BASTARD ON MY HONOR; HOWEVER IN VAIN DUE TO HIS RANA BITCH IN CLOSET ,A DEAD DUCK ; FROM THE MORTUARY AS SERVING THE ROLE IN THE FILM
WAQT FOR ME.

Waqt (1965)

The image “http://www.moviemart.in/upload/Waqt%20-%2019651e36f.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.

THE PREVIOUS BLOG POSTS EXEMPLIFY WHAT HAPPENED IN MY LIFE ,ABOUT DEATH LADDER MEHNDI ON MY FEET AND MY TAKING PHERAS ON TOES OF A BALLERINA ,AND COMMITED THAT MUCH ONLY TO THIS PARTNERSHIP WITH KALRA WHEREIN I HAVE CONTRIBUTED MONETARILY TO THIS HOUSE AND ITS OCCUPANTS AND SO ARE ELLIGIBLE FOR OWNERSHIP AND NOT AS A TRUE WIFE TO KALRA AS EVEN MY MARRIAGE VOWS WERE IN GIBBERISH DUSTBIN HINDI- AS THEY6 DUSTBIN A VEDIC MARRIAGE. BOTH THE FILTHY MONGRELS CONVERTED IN VAIN AND THE KAZA STORY OF THEIR LIVES.

THE OUTBREAK OF SMALL- POX IN TATA NAGAR WAS IN 1974 AND IRAQ/BRITAIN HAS MORE STOCK FOR INDIA ,ESPECIALLY AFTER CHILDREN WERE STOPPED BEING INOCULATED AFTER 1975.KENNEDY SUFFERED MOST FROM URINARY AND SEXUAL INFECTIONS INSPITE OF HAVING AN IMMACULATE CHARACTER.
MANY HANUMAN BHAKTS ARE BEING ARTIFICIALLY INFECTED BY ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION HEINOUS BASTARDS FUCKING WOMEN AND DIEING TOO WHILE FUCKING ONLY .
THE SOLUTION IS AS FOLLOWING

Antibiotics	Amoxicillin • Ampicillin • Azlocillin • Bacampicillin • Carbenicillin • Carindacillin • Cloxacillin • Dicloxacillin • Epicillin • Flucloxacillin • Metampicillin • Mezlocillin • Nafcillin • Piperacillin • Pivampicillin • Sulbenicillin • Ticarcillin

Beta-lactamase inhibitors	Sulbactam • Tazobactam • Clavulanic acid

Combinations	Ampicillin/sulbactam (Sultamicillin) • Co-amoxiclav

Penicillin

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For the Japanese band, see Penicillin (band) .

Penicillin core structure

Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN or pen) is a group of Beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. “Penicillin” is also the informal name of a specific member of the penicillin group Penam Skeleton, which has the molecular formula R-C₉H₁₁N₂O₄S, where R is a variable side chain.

[hide]

[edit] Discovery and history

The discovery of penicillin is attributed to Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 and the development of penicillin for use as a medicine is attributed to the Australian Nobel Laureate Howard Walter Florey.

However, several others had noted earlier the bacteriostatic effects of Penicillium: The first published reference appears to have been in 1875, when it was reported to the Royal Society in London by John Tyndall.^[1] Ernest Duchesne documented it in his 1897 paper; however it was not accepted by the Institut Pasteur because of his young age. In March 2000, doctors at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in San Jose (Costa Rica) published manuscripts belonging to the Costa Rican scientist and medical doctor Clodomiro (Clorito) Picado Twight (1887–1944). The manuscripts explained Picado's experiences between 1915 and 1927 about the inhibitory actions of the fungi of genera Penic. Clorito Picado had reported his discovery to the Paris Academy of Sciences, yet did not patent it, even though his investigation had started years before Fleming's.

Fleming recounted later that the date of his breakthrough was on the morning of Tuesday, September 28, 1928.^[2] At his laboratory in the basement of St. Mary's Hospital in London (now part of Imperial College), Fleming noticed a halo of inhibition of bacterial growth around a contaminant blue-green mold Staphylococcus plate culture. Fleming concluded that the mold was releasing a substance that was inhibiting bacterial growth and lysing the bacteria. He grew a pure culture of the mold and discovered that it was a Penicillium mold, now known to be Penicillium notatum. Charles Thom, an American specialist working at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, was the acknowledged expert, and Fleming referred the matter to him. Fleming coined the term "penicillin" to describe the filtrate of a broth culture of the Penicillium mold. Even in these early stages, penicillin was found to be most effective against Gram-positive bacteria, and ineffective against Gram-negative organisms and fungi. He expressed initial optimism that penicillin would be a useful disinfectant, being highly potent with minimal toxicity compared to antiseptics of the day, but, in particular, noted its laboratory value in the isolation of "Bacillus influenzae" (now Haemophilus influenzae).^[3] After further experiments, Fleming was convinced that penicillin could not last long enough in the human body to kill pathogenic bacteria, and stopped studying penicillin after 1931, but restarted some clinical trials in 1934 and continued to try to get someone to purify it until 1940.^[4]

In 1930 Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Royal Infirmary in Sheffield, attempted to treat sycosis – eruptions in beard follicles – but was unsuccessful, probably because the drug did not get deep enough. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum – a gonococcal infection in babies – he achieved the first cure on 25 November 1930. He cured four patients (one adult, three babies) of eye infections, although a fifth patient was not so lucky.^[5]

In 1939, Australian scientist Howard Florey (later Baron Florey) and a team of researchers (Ernst Boris Chain, A. D. Gardner, Norman Heatley, M. Jennings, J. Orr-Ewing and G. Sanders) at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford made significant progress in showing the in vivo bactericidal action of penicillin. Their attempts to treat humans failed due to insufficient volumes of penicillin (the first patient treated was Reserve Constable Albert Alexander), but they proved it harmless and effective on mice.^[6]

Some of the pioneering trials of penicillin took place at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford. On March 14, 1942, John Bumstead and Orvan Hess became the first in the world to successfully treat a patient using penicillin.^[7]^[8]

The challenge of mass-producing the drug had been daunting. On March 14, 1942 the first patient was treated for streptococcal septicemia with U.S.-made penicillin produced by Merck & Co.^[9] Half of the total supply produced at the time was used on that one patient. By June 1942 there was just enough U.S. penicillin available to treat ten patients.^[10] A moldy cantaloupe in a Peoria, Illinois market in 1943 was found to contain the best and highest-quality penicillin after a world-wide search.^[11] The discovery of the cantaloupe, and the results of fermentation research on corn-steep liquid at the Northern Regional Research Laboratory at Peoria, Illinois, allowed the USA to produce 2.3 million doses in time for the invasion of Normandy in the spring of 1944.

Penicillin was being mass-produced in 1944

During World War II, penicillin made a major difference in the number of deaths and amputations caused by infected wounds among Allied forces, saving an estimated 12%–15% of lives.^{[citation needed]} Availability was severely limited, however, by the difficulty of manufacturing large quantities of penicillin and by the rapid renal clearance of the drug, necessitating frequent dosing. Penicillins are actively secreted, and about 80% of a penicillin dose is cleared within three to four hours of administration. During those times, it became common procedure to collect the urine from patients being treated so that the penicillin could be isolated and reused.^[12]

This was not a satisfactory solution, however; so researchers looked for a way to slow penicillin secretion. They hoped to find a molecule that could compete with penicillin for the organic acid transporter responsible for secretion such that the transporter would preferentially secrete the competitive inhibitor. The uricosuric agent probenecid proved to be suitable. When probenecid and penicillin are concomitantly administered, probenecid competitively inhibits the secretion of penicillin, increasing penicillin's concentration and prolonging its activity. The advent of mass-production techniques and semi-synthetic penicillins solved supply issues, and this use of probenecid declined.^[12] Probenecid is still useful, however, for certain infections requiring particularly high concentrations of penicillins.^[13]

The chemical structure of penicillin was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in the early 1940s. A team of Oxford research scientists led by Australian Howard Florey, Baron Florey and including Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley discovered a method of mass-producing the drug. Chemist John Sheehan at MIT completed the first total synthesis of penicillin and some of its analogs in the early 1950s, but his methods were not efficient for mass production. Florey and Chain shared the 1945 Nobel prize in medicine with Fleming for this work, and, after WWII, Australia was the first country to make the drug available for civilian use. Penicillin has since become the most widely-used antibiotic to date, and is still used for many Gram-positive bacterial infections.

[edit] Developments from penicillin

The narrow range of treatable diseases or spectrum of activity of the penicillins, along with the poor activity of the orally-active phenoxymethylpenicillin, led to the search for derivatives of penicillin that could treat a wider range of infections.

The first major development was ampicillin, which offered a broader spectrum of activity than either of the original penicillins. Further development yielded beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins including flucloxacillin, dicloxacillin and methicillin. These were significant for their activity against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria species, but are ineffective against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains that subsequently emerged.

The line of true penicillins was the antipseudomonal penicillins, such as ticarcillin and piperacillin, useful for their activity against Gram-negative bacteria. However, the usefulness of the beta-lactam ring was such that related antibiotics, including the mecillinams, the carbapenems and, most important, the cephalosporins, have this at the center of their structures. Ondred Abumbumer also made further discoveries towards penicillin.^[14]

[edit] Mechanism of action

Main article: beta-lactam antibiotic

β-lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall. The β-lactam moiety (functional group) of penicillin binds to the enzyme (DD-transpeptidase) that links the peptidoglycan molecules in bacteria, which weakens the cell wall of the bacterium (in other words, the antibiotic causes cytolysis or death due to osmotic pressure). In addition, the build-up of peptidoglycan precursors triggers the activation of bacterial cell wall hydrolases and autolysins, which further digest the bacteria's existing peptidoglycan.

Gram-positive bacteria are called protoplasts when they lose their cell wall. Gram-negative bacteria do not lose their cell wall completely and are called spheroplasts after treatment with penicillin.

Penicillin shows a synergistic effect with aminoglycosides, since the inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis allows aminoglycosides to penetrate the bacterial cell wall more easily, allowing its disruption of bacterial protein synthesis within the cell. This results in a lowered MBC for susceptible organisms.

[edit] Variants in clinical use

The term “penicillin” is often used in the generic sense to refer to one of the narrow-spectrum penicillins, in particular, benzylpenicillin.



Penicillin G
Systematic (IUPAC) name
4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)- (2S-(2α,5α,6β))-
Identifiers
CAS number	61-33-6
ATC code	?
PubChem	?
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S
Mol. mass	334.4 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	parenteral

Benzylpenicillin, commonly known as penicillin G, is the gold standard penicillin. Penicillin G is typically given by a parenteral route of administration (not orally) because it is unstable in the hydrochloric acid of the stomach. Because the drug is given parenterally, higher tissue concentrations of penicillin G can be achieved than is possible with phenoxymethylpenicillin. These higher concentrations translate to increased antibacterial activity.

Specific indications for benzylpenicillin include:^[13]

Phenoxymethylpenicillin, commonly known as penicillin V, is the orally-active form of penicillin. It is less active than benzylpenicillin, however, and is appropriate only in conditions where high tissue concentrations are not required.

Specific indications for phenoxymethylpenicillin include:^[13]

Infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
- Tonsillitis
- Pharyngitis
- Skin infections
Prophylaxis of rheumatic fever
Moderate-to-severe gingivitis (with metronidazole)

Penicillin V is the first choice in the treatment of odontogenic infections.

Procaine benzylpenicillin (rINN), also known as procaine penicillin, is a combination of benzylpenicillin with the local anaesthetic agent procaine. Following deep intramuscular injection, it is slowly absorbed into the circulation and hydrolysed to benzylpenicillin — thus it is used where prolonged low concentrations of benzylpenicillin are required.

This combination is aimed at reducing the pain and discomfort associated with a large intramuscular injection of penicillin. It is widely used in veterinary settings.

Specific indications for procaine penicillin include:^[13]

Syphilis
- It should be noted that in the United States, Bicillin C-R (a injectable suspension which 1.2 million units of benzathine penicillin & 1.2 million units of procaine penicillin per 4 mL) is not recommended for treating syphilis, since it contains only half the recommended dose of benzathine penicillin. Medication errors have been made due to the confusion between Bicillin L-A & Bicillin C-R.^[15] As a result, changes in product packaging have been made; specifically, the statement "Not for the Treatment of Syphilis" has been added in red text to both the Bicillin CR and Billin CR 900/300 syringe labels.^[16]
Respiratory tract infections where compliance with oral treatment is unlikely
Cellulitis, erysipelas

Procaine penicillin is also used as an adjunct in the treatment of anthrax.

Benzathine benzylpenicillin (rINN), also known as benzathine penicillin, is slowly absorbed into the circulation, after intramuscular injection, and hydrolysed to benzylpenicillin in vivo. It is the drug-of-choice when prolonged low concentrations of benzylpenicillin are required and appropriate, allowing prolonged antibiotic action over 2–4 weeks after a single IM dose. It is marketed by Wyeth under the trade name Bicillin L-A. Specific indications for benzathine penicillin include:^[13]

Prophylaxis of rheumatic fever
Early or latent syphilis

[edit] Adverse effects

Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of patients) associated with use of the penicillins include diarrhea, hypersensitivity, nausea, rash, neurotoxicity urticaria, and/or superinfection (including candidiasis). Infrequent adverse effects (0.1–1% of patients) include fever, vomiting, erythema, dermatitis, angioedema, seizures (especially in epileptics), and/or pseudomembranous colitis.^[13]

Pain and inflammation at the injection site is also common for parenterally-administered benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, and, to a lesser extent, procaine benzylpenicillin.

Although penicillin is still the most commonly-reported allergy, less than 20% of all patients that believe that they have a penicillin allergy are truly allergic to penicillin;^[17] nevertheless, penicillin is still the most common cause of severe allergic drug reactions.

Allergic reactions to any β-lactam antibiotic may occur in up to 10% of patients receiving that agent.^[18] Anaphylaxis will occur in approximately 0.01% of patients.^[13] It has previously been accepted that there was up to a 10% cross-sensitivity between penicillin-derivatives, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, due to the sharing of the β-lactam ring.^[19]^[20] However recent assessments have shown no increased risk for cross-allergy for 2nd generation or later cephalosporins.^[21]^[22] Recent papers have shown that major feature in determining immunological reactions is the similarity of the side chain of first generation cephalosporins to penicillins, rather than the β-lactam structure that they share.^[23]

[edit] Production

The production of penicillin is an area that requires scientists and engineers to work together to achieve the most efficient way of producing large amounts of penicillin.

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of fungus Penicillium, which means the fungus will not produce the antibiotics while it is growing, but will produce penicillin when it feels threatened. There are also other factors that inhibit penicillin production. One of these factors is the synthesis pathway of penicillin:

α-ketoglutarate + AcCoA -> homocitrate -> L-α-aminoadipic acid -> L-Lysine + β-lactam

It turns out that the by-product L-Lysine will inhibit the production of homocitrate, so the presence of exogenous lysine should be avoided in the penicillin production.

The penicillium cells are grown using a technique called fed-batch culture; this way the cells are constantly subject to stress and will produce plenty of penicillin. The carbon sources that are available are also important: Glucose will inhibit penicillin, whereas lactose does not. The pH level, nitrogen level, Lysine level, Phosphate level, and oxygen availability of the batches must be controlled automatically.

Other area of biotechnology such as directed evolution can also be applied to mutate the strains into producing a much larger number of penicillin. These directed-evolution techniques include error-prone PCR, DNA shuffling, ITCHY, and strand over-lap PCR.

Penicillin production emerged as an industry as a direct result of World War II. During the time of war, there was an abundance of jobs available on the homefront. A War Production Board was made to monitor job distribution and production.^[24] Penicillin production was a huge surplus during the time of the war especially with all the available jobs and the industry prospered. In July, 1943, the War Production Board had set up a plan to distribute mass stock of penicillin to troops fighting in Europe. At the time of this plan, 425 million units were being produced. As a direct result of the war and the War Production Board, by June 1945, over 646 billion units were being produced.^[25]

[edit] See also

β-Lactam antibiotic

http://www.cipla.com/admin.php?mode=

cat&action=disp&id=2

FOR LOCAL APPLICATION-PESSARY AND CREAM IN TUBE

http://www.canesten.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotrimazole

Clotrimazole 2% cream in U.K.

HOWEVER THE BASTARD CLAN OF SEX STARVED PIGS WHO DO NOT WANT TO SETTLE DIVORCE CASES OF 22 YEARS HONESTLY AND MONEY LAUNDERERS HAVING LINKS OF BIO -TERRORISM ; INFECT THEIR HONEST PARTNERS LOCALLY ; WHILE THEY ARE BUSY DOING UNAUTHORIZED FUCKING WITH SOME ONE ELSE.

PLEASE REFER TO:-

Refer to :-

The Criminal Law Journal 1986 Part 2.CRI.L.J.1522

[MADRAS

HIGH.COURT] SENGOTTUVALAN,J.,R.P.ULAGANAMBI,

PETITIONER VS. K.C.LOGANAYAKI,

RESPONDENT.Criminal
M.P. Nos .7268 of 1984 and
6103 of 1985,D/-19-2-1986
.(a) Criminal P.C.(2 of
1974) Ss.482,
125-Inherent powers-Maintenance-
Petition under section 482 directly to High Court,without any application
before lower court for directing wife claiming maintenance to submit herself
to medical examination for proof of allegation of adultery against her-Held
Petition under S 482 not maintainable.

ANOTHER RISK IS THE DRUG RESISTANT VARIETY OF INFECTIONS AS WELL AS SPURIOUS COUNTERFEIT MEDICINES DRUGS IN MARKET. AT SUCH ONSLAUGHT ONLY ARYUVEDIC MEDICINES CAN HELP. A SIMPLE PREPARATION TO DRINK AT HOME IS :- TAKE A HANDFUL OF NEEM LEAVES AND 6-7 TULSI LEAVES WITH ONE 100 ML WATER AND CHURN IN MIXIE OR GRIND JUICE ON SILBATTA.SIEVE AND DRINK THRICE A WEEK. FOR LOCAL APPLICATION IN ANY SKIN DISEASE:- TAKE TWO TABLESPOON OF ANY CLEAR EDIBLE OIL, ONE BIG TABLET OF KAPOOR OR CAMPHOR AND HANDFUL OF NEEM LEAVES.GRIND TO PASTE AND APPLY ON AFFECTED AREA.

Added

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0154788/plotsummary

Indian Air Force pilot Bhagat lives with his wife, Raksha, and a young son. While going to the bank one day, the family find that the bank is being held up. The bank-robbers panic at the arrival of the police, and fire randomly killing Raksha instantly. Bhagat witnesses this horrific spectacle and is unable to do anything to save his wife. The robbers were masked, but one of them had a tear in his shoe, and another was wearing a locket, very similar to the worn by his wife. Bhagat's inquiries take him to the Northern-most hilly regions of India, where he must confront the past, as well as seek out the elusive killers and bring them to justice, not knowing that in so doing he will be endangering the life of his son.

WHAT ARE THE 16 SAMSKARAS OF HINDUS WHICH ARE SO MISUSED BY HEINOUS PEOPLE AND THEIR NUMBERS SULLIED?

Introduction to Hindu Samskaras

by Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
First Online: December 16,2004
Page Last Updated: June 16,2008

It is the culture or refinement distinguishes mankind from its fellow creatures. It took a very very long time for the human beings to evolve certain norms or disciplines which were considered 'a must' in a civilized society. Slowly such social norms were transformed into religious rites or rituals typical of each community. Hindu samskars (a.k.a. samskaras) which symbolize disciplinary rites, were evolved over four millennia to make a house-holder's life refined and useful. From birth to death, sixteen samskars or rites of refinement are laid down by sastras and religious texts.

These samskars (or samskaras) are considered stepping stones in shaping a perfect individual in Hindu society. They were meant to be purify the person by observing of which a person became 'susamskrit' (civilized or refined).

The word samskar is evolved from the root 'samskri' which means to purify or form thoroughly. Samskriti (civilization) and Sanskrit are derived from this root 'samskri'. Sanskrit was considered the most refined and grammatically perfect language compared to other regional languages in ancient times.

The sixteen samskars laid down by Hindu religious texts are:

Impregnation (Garbhadana)
Pumsavana (Ensuring birth of a male child)
Simanta (Hair-parting)
Jatakarma (Ceremony on birth)
Namakarana (Naming ceremony)
Karnavedha (Ear-boring ceremony)
Nishkramana (Taking the child out)
Annaprashana (First solid food-feeding)
Chudakarana (Tonsure; removing impure hair)
Vidyarambha (Teaching alphabets)
Upanayana (Munji, initiation)
Vedarambha (Higher studies)
Keshanta or Godana (First shave of beard)
Samavartana or Snana (Completion of studies)
Vivaha (Marriage)
Antyeshti (Last or funeral rites)

The samskaras vary in ceremonial details from one community to other. All the sixteen rituals are hardly observed now-a-days except among highly conservative pockets of rural India.

"God dwells in human body" was the ancient belief. It became a befitting place (Brahmi) for Brahma – the supreme spirit only when sanctified by various samskaras, sacrifices, Vedic study and observation of vows, declared Manu, the Law-giver. Another law-writer Shankha commented "Refined by samskaras a person, who was able to cultivate the eight noble qualities viz., mercy, forbearance, freedom from envy, purity, calmness, right behavior and freedom from greed and coveting would rise up in the world of Brahman from where he has no fear of fall."

Atri's statement is famous. "By birth every one is a shudra, by samskars he becomes a Dvija (i.e., twice-born). By learning (studying Vedas), he becomes a Vipra and by realizing Brahman, he attains the status of a Brahmana" (Janmana jayate ....etc.)

Shabarand Kumarila summarized thus "Samskars are those rites which impart fitness and eligibility to perform certain actions."

In short, Upanayana, the eleventh samskar was a passport for education and openings. Vivaha (marriage), the fifteenth samskar was a door way to house-holder's duties and social obligations. According to Manu this stage was the most important one. A householder depended on all the other ashrams. Hence, wedding ceremony alone made an individual fully responsible to undertake social obligations.

All the samskars have lost their religious important nowadays and recitation of mantras are either mechanical or half-uttered. Samskars number two, three, four, six, ten, twelve, thirteen and fourteen have disappeared. Seventh or Annaprashan is important in Bengal and Eastern Regions and the eleventh has become optional! Even when performed, they are just ritualistic. Upanayana and marriage have become big socializing events of status where feasting and gifts have taken priority. But it is worthwhile to know the hidden precepts of samskaras to understand how our ancients determined an individual's behavior in society. To be disciplined, faithful and charitable were virtues which made a person good citizen.

http://www.kamat.com/indica/culture/samskaras/antyeshti.htm

Antyeshti - The Last Rites

by Dr. Jyotsna Kamat

First Online: November 05,2005
Page Last Updated: June 16,2008

"May the all-knowing Pushan (Sun) who protects the world dispatch thee from this world to next. May he hand thee over to the pitrs (ancestors). Let Agni hand you over to Gods. Pushan who knows all quarters may take thee by a path free from all dangers" says a mantra recited at the beginning of funeral march.

The dead body was washed, anointed with sandal paste, decked with flowers and covered with new unbleached cloth.

The body then was carried to cremation ground. Yama (see: Yama, the God of death) was invoked to give a final resting place to the departed. After few more rites, fire was kindled. The cremation was conceived as a sacrifice and the cremated was a gift to Gods in heaven.

"O departed one! Be united in the highest heaven with the pitrs and with Yama. Leaving here all your sins, go back to your home. Being endowed with bright luster be united with a new body" is the mantra when the body is consumed to flames.

'Asthi Sanchaya' or collection of bones after the body was consigned to flames was next rite. It was collected in a urn and kept in the safe place.

Ashouchia or a period of un-cleanliness followed for ten days. An oil lamp was burned continuously and cooked rice was offered on all days. It was believed that this ritual helped the departed to go to his/her new home smoothly.

Kamat's Potpourri
Hinu Funeral Proceeding
Hindu Funeral Proceeding

Shraddha or offerings made with deep faith and loving remembrance followed. Every day water mixed with teel (sesame seeds) was offered to the departed on a stone with Kusha grass. On the tenth day the performer made a sankalpa (holy resolve) and offered pinda (rice-ball). "May this pinda wait upon the preta named...of such gotra etc...so that the hunger and thirst affecting him/her may be appeased." After some more rites, it is ensured that the preta (the deceased) will no more remain a fugitive and would receive the status of pitr or an ancestor.

Role of Crow

It is interesting that the crow, much despised bird, becomes very important on the occasion of Pindadana. Crow is supposed to be messenger of Yama, the Lord of Death. Hence, there is a prayer. Master of the ceremony recites, "O Crow! Thou art the messenger of Yama. Please accept this offering (food-pinda) and satisfy the hunger of the departed Spirit that has proceeded to the Abode of Yama."

On the tenth day when the pinda is offered to manes, all wait eagerly for the temporarily holy crow to pounce and partake food. Delay on the part of the crow suggests that the deceased had some unfulfilled wish which was compelling. Often the priest advises the performer to declare there and then to fulfill the last wish of the departed soul. All heave a sigh of relief, when the crow descends or condescends to peck at the food!.

Pindadana relieves a preta (deceased) from the agony of hunger and thirst. Four pindas are prepared. One for the deceased and the three for his paternal ancestors. This rite known as sapindikarana completed the Antyeshti Ceremony.

For all Hindu ceremonies Agni (sacred fire), water (symbol of purifying Ganga, the sacred river), Grass (darbha), Tulasi, Earth, grains, etc. are a must. God-given bounty was seen by the ancients in simple things.

Samskars being different disciplines, were also forms of social debts to be discharged. Besides conveying their gratitude to God Almighty in different forms, alms were given to Brahmins and the poor on the occasion of antyeshti ceremony and other samskaras.

Lastly, immersion of asthi or remnants of the bones of remains in sacred rivers ensured that a man returned finally to elements from which he took his mortal form. It is believed that when a person dies, the soul assumes three of the five elements (viz., fire, wind and ether), that rise from the dead body while the two more (earth and water) remain below. With the aid of pindas offered daily during the ten days after cremation, the soul assumes yet another form and after the twelfth day performance the soul finally sheds that delicate form as well, and assumes a third body according to the nature of its karma, to go to heaven.